Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Production
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Various physiological disorders can affect the appearance and desirability of fresh market bell peppers; these often arise from environmental stresses and nutritional imbalances. Understanding these physiological issues is essential for growers to manage and mitigate them effectively. These disorders are common and are related to plant growth and development, not diseases. This circular shows these horticultural characteristics or traits that are expressed by certain genotypes.
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Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an important nutrient-dense leafy green, and its annual per capita consumption has significantly increased over the past decades. Spinach production in Georgia has experienced significant growth in the last few years, with over $400M in annual value, ranked first among all the other leafy green crops. Field spinach production is labor intensive, and the cost of weed management, harvest, and post-harvest accounts for 56% of the production cost. With the advantages of controlled environment agriculture in reducing labor costs and increasing production value with an extended growing cycle, hydroponic spinach has been gradually accepted and planted on a large scale.
Spinach is a cool season crop typically seeded during early spring or early fall. Summer season is often skipped because of pressure from insects, diseases, and weeds. Additionally, the optimal temperature for spinach seed germination is 65-70°F (18-21°C), and for spinach growth is 60-77°F (15-25°C). However, there is the possibility to grow spinach during summer in the greenhouse using a deep water culture hydroponics system that can minimize these pressures by focusing on heat-tolerant cultivar selection, germination improvement, and optimal hydroponic system implementation.
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Pesticide and fertilizer recommendations are often made on a pounds per acre and tons per acre basis. While these may be applicable to field production of many crops, orchardists, nurserymen and greenhouse operators often must convert these recommendations to smaller areas, such as row feet, square feet, or even per tree or per pot. Thus pints, cups, ounces, tablespoons and teaspoons are the common units of measure. The conversion is frequently complicated by metric units of measure. This publication is designed to aid growers in making these calculations and conversions, and also provides other data useful in the management, planning and operation of horticultural enterprises.
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In order for a commercial pecan operation to be consistently successful, the goal of the operation should be annual production of a moderate crop of high quality nuts, rather than the production of a high yield in a single given year. Culturally, there are several basic factors that will help to promote optimum profitability with a commercial pecan orchard.
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Citrus plants are very versatile around the home and may be used as individual specimens, hedges or container plants. Their natural beauty and ripe fruits make them attractive additions to the South Georgia home scene. Cold-hardy varieties that receive recommended care may grow successfully in the coastal and extreme southern areas of the state (and to a lesser degree in more northern locations).
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C 893
Mouse Ear of Pecan
Mouse ear of pecan is a growth abnormality resulting from a deficiency of nickel in the pecan tree. Only recently, the discovery was made that mouse ear indicates a severe nickel deficiency. The disorder occurs most frequently on newly transplanted trees in established orchards, but can also occur on sites where pecan has not previously been grown.
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San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosus (Comstock), is a pest of peaches, nectarines, plums, and other tree fruits including apples, pears, and cherries. San Jose scale is considered a secondary pest in many regions of the country, but in the Southeast U.S., it has been one of the most common and most destructive pests to the peach industry since the early 2000s.
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Pecan production is considered by many who practice this endeavor to be as much an art as it is a science. Growers must integrate multiple disciplines in order to be successful. This book was created with the goal of being a comprehensive reference text for pecan growers, scientists, and county agents. It addresses pecan culture and management in the southeastern United States. For more information, visit https://pecans.uga.edu/
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An orchard floor provides a working surface for orchard operations and influences activities in the trees, which produce the crop. An efficient orchard floor cover does not compete heavily with trees for moisture and nutrients and is compatible with orchard insect populations. While weed competition with tree roots is significant throughout the life of the tree, in a newly planted orchard, weed competition can significantly reduce young tree survival and can stunt tree growth. Weed competition can reduce tree growth and yield, as well as promote alternate bearing in mature trees.
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