Crop and Soil Sciences Resources
-
This comprehensive resource was fully revised in 2025-26 and represents the latest information available on the commercial production of short-day onions in south Georgia.
|
-
Hophornbeam copperleaf has become an increasing problem in agricultural fields throughout Georgia. It can occur at densities that have the potential to reduce yields and influence harvest efficiency. Hophornbeam copperleaf is also known as three-seeded mercury.
|
-
C 858-5
Nitrate and Nitrite in Water
Private well owners are responsible for the safety of their drinking water. Maintaining a healthy well requires routine testing for possible contaminants, including nitrate and nitrite. To assist in water safety, the EPA has set standards for nitrate levels in public drinking water systems. Although private well owners are not required to meet these standards, they do serve as a reference for safe drinking water. The EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) nitrate is: 10 ppm (parts per million) or mg/L (milligrams per liter) nitrate-nitrogen or, if expressed as nitrate, 45 ppm. For nitrite, the MCL is: 1 ppm or mg/L nitrite-nitrogen or, 3.28 ppm if expressed as nitrite. Nitrite is not stable in water and rapidly transforms to nitrate fairly easy. Its presence is an indicator of high concentrations of either nitrate or ammonia.
|
-
Occasionally, turfgrass areas begin to thin out and moss and algae start to form. These primitive plants develop because conditions for growing dense, healthy turf have declined. This publication gives you preventive practices and chemical suppression tips for controlling moss and algae in turf.
|
-
This publication is a monthly guide for professional managers of commercial, recreational, municipal, institutional or private grounds in Georgia.
|
-
This planting guide will help producers establish grasses and legumes commonly grown in Georgia.
|
-
This publication discusses the proper calibration methods sprayers and other liquid applicators.
|
-
This publication provides information on pulse width modulation (PWM) technology including its working principle, components, benefits, and best management practices for its optimal utilization on agricultural sprayers. Agricultural sprayers are commonly used for pesticide applications and come in various design types and sizes, including three-point hitch, pull-behind, and self-propelled. During pesticide applications, maintaining a target application rate across the whole field is important for effective pest management. On sprayers with traditional flow-based control systems, the liquid flow rate is regulated to account for ground speed variations by adjusting the spray pressure. However, this becomes an issue when spray pressure reaches outside the narrow operating range of the selected nozzle and results in non-uniform droplet size and pattern. Higher spray pressures at faster travel speeds produce finer droplets which are more prone to spray drift; applications at lower pressures produce coarser spray droplets and reduce spray fan angle. Pulse width modulation technology was developed to overcome this pressure variation issue; pulse width modulation does not rely on spray pressure to regulate system flow rate with changes in ground speed. In pulse width modulation systems, the flow rate is varied by changing the intermittent cycling of the electronically actuated solenoid valves while the system pressure remains constant throughout the boom.
|
-
Boom sprayer calibration using conventional methods (catching flow for certain time or distance) for large (60-90 ft; 54-72 nozzles) boom sprayers can be a time-consuming process. This short publication outlines steps to take to verify nozzle output and calibrate a boom sprayer, including tables with useful information on flow rates at multiple speeds for two common nozzle spacings and an equation for calculating rates if needed.
|