Departments and Units Resources
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J. Holly Campbell and David R. Coyle, Southern Regional Extension Forestry
Littleleaf disease is a forest health concern for several pine species in the southeastern United States. This disease is a particular problem for shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and is one reason why this species is less widely planted compared with other pines. Littleleaf disease results from a combination of biological factors and site characteristics, when combined with a susceptible host tree. Some factors are more important – i.e., they have a primary role in disease formation – while others have a secondary role, and mostly contribute to making disease symptoms worse.
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Shortleaf pine and its associated plant communities evolved with fire of varied temperatures, or mixed severity, and a fire return interval, or frequency of 2–18 years. Across its wide range, shortleaf is found growing with blackjack, white, and post oaks; trees that have similar adaptive traits and fire resistance. The high diversity and number of herbaceous understory plants and wildlife found in shortleaf savannahs and woodlands is sustained with frequent prescribed burns. Due to its reliance on fire, foresters and ecologists commonly refer to shortleaf as fire resistant, fire resilient, fire dependent, or fire adapted. However, shortleaf pine is not fire-proof. And while fire provides many benefits there are risks. Some trees, particular seedlings and saplings will be damaged or destroyed from fire. Land managers must base the decision to burn on their overall management goals.
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Savannahs are typically thought of as transitional landscapes between forest and prairie, containing a sparse overstory and well-developed herbaceous understory, including grasses, wildflowers, and occasional understory shrubs. A similar concept is a woodland, which is a transitional landscape between savannahs and forests. Although savannahs and woodlands were once widely distributed across much of the Eastern U.S., they are now rare due to fire exclusion, land clearing, and natural succession. Many plant and animal species associated with forests, forest edges, and open prairies thrive in these communities making savannahs and woodlands some of the richest and most diverse natural communities in the region. They provide excellent habitat for northern bobwhite quail, eastern wild turkeys, and in many cases, white-tailed deer.
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C 1135
Silvics of Shortleaf Pine
Shortleaf pine is the most widely distributed, but perhaps least understood of the four major southern yellow pines. Growing in 22 states from southern New York to eastern Texas, it occupies the largest range of any pine in the southeastern United States. Its extensive distribution reflects it adaptability to a great variety of soil, average annual temperatures (48–70 °F), total precipitation (40–60 in.) and elevations (up to 3000 ft). Throughout much of its range, but especially in the East, it is a species of minor and varying occurrence often found growing with other pines and hardwoods. In Arkansas and Missouri, where it is the only naturally occurring pine, we find widespread areas of pure and mixed shortleaf-oak stands.
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Linda Wang, National Timber Tax Specialist, Forest Service
Specific Federal income tax laws and rules apply to timber-related income and expenses. The tax tips provided in this bulletin are intended to assist timber owners, foresters, or loggers and their tax preparers in filing their 2017 tax returns. This material is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide tax, legal, or accounting advice. Please consult your own tax, legal, and accounting advisors before engaging in any transaction. The information is current as of September 30, 2017.|
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Linda Wang, National Timber Tax Specialist, USDA Forest Service
Timber or landscape trees destroyed by the hurricane, fire, earthquake, ice, hail, tornado, and other storms are “casualty losses” that may allow the property owners to take a deduction on their federal income tax returns. The key for most cases is to figure out the “adjusted basis” of the timber. The “Adjusted Basis” of Timber Generally, the cost or the measure of your investment in the property you own is the property’s basis. The original basis is defined as follows: 1) for purchased timber property, it is the purchase price and related costs (such as legal fee and timber cruises); 2) for gifted timber property, it is the donor’s adjusted basis in most instances; 3) for inherited timber property, it is the fair market value (or alternative value if so elected) on the date of death (or alternative valuation date). The “adjusted basis” of a property is the original basis reduced or added by adjustments over the term of ownership (e.g., new purchase increases your timber basis while timber sale decreases your timber basis).
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This publication presents the results of the 2017 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
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AP 101-9
Georgia 2017 Corn Performance Tests
In this research report, the results of the 2017 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsville.
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Many Georgia communities are wrestling with wastewater disposal issues. The choices a community makes may affect its growth and environmental quality. This PowerPoint presentation presents the basics of wastewater treatment systems so that community leaders can make better-informed choices. This presentation can be downloaded and revised to reflect local conditions. If you are not an employee of University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, proper credit must be given to the original authors and UGA Extension.
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